The Foundation for
Comprehensive Early Literacy Learning
CELL Preschool Literacy Project
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The CELL Preschool
Literacy Project is designed to provide professional development to support
teachers in preparing young children to enter kindergarten with the necessary
language and early reading and writing skills to ensure school success.
Workshops are organized to help schools implement the goals of early childhood
education standards and foundations, including those for English learners and
children with special needs, and to use assessments to monitor progress towards
those goals. Research based teaching methods that are best practices are
organized into a Framework of Instruction to support teaching in whole groups,
small groups and for individual independent work and intervention. Family Literacy and its importance are
also emphasized during the training sequence. The CELL Preschool Literacy Project is based on the understanding that literacy is a learned
skill, not a biological awakening, and provides teacher training to promote
coherent, skills-based instruction in the years before kindergarten.
The goals of the
CELL Preschool Literacy Project are based on:
Early childhood
education research
Research in early
language and literacy acquisition
Research in best
teaching practices
Major components of
Early Reading First
State content
standards for preschool language and literacy
State Preschool
Learning Foundations in Language and Literacy, and
State Preschool
Learning Foundations in English Language Development,
and include the
following:
Improve existing
early childhood programs by integrating scientifically based reading research
into all aspects of the program (including instructional materials, teaching
strategies, curricula, parent engagement, and professional development);
Enhance children’s
language, cognitive, and early reading skills through professional development
for teachers;
Provide early
language and reading development and instructional materials as developed from
scientifically based reading research;
Provide
preschool-age children with cognitive learning opportunities in high quality
language and literature-rich environments;
Use screening
instruments to identify preschool children who may be at risk for reading
failure and assessments of instruction to monitor achievement;
Provide instruction
to English learners consistent with the scientifically based research.
CELL Preschool
Framework for Classroom Instruction
The Framework
includes areas of instruction and teaching methods to address
preschool
standards and foundations.
ORAL LANGUAGE
• Assists students in
language acquisition
• Develops and
increases vocabulary
• Promotes the use of
accurate language structure
• Uses oral language
to access reading and writing
PHONOLOGICAL
SKILLS
• Builds a foundation
of phonemic awareness for explicit skills learning
• Teaches systematic
phonics
• Supports
development of accurate spelling
READING ALOUD
• Builds vocabulary
• Introduces good
children’s literature
• Increases
repertoire of language and its use
• Develops
comprehension strategies
• Improves listening
skills
• Promotes phonemic
awareness
SHARED READING
• Promotes the
development of early reading behaviors
• Encourages
cooperative learning and child-to-child support
• Stresses phonemic awareness,
phonologic skills and fluency
• Focuses on text
comprehension
GUIDED READING
• Provides direct
instruction of problem-solving strategies
• Allows observation
of strategic reading and use of phonological information
• Allows for
classroom intervention of reading difficulties
• Teaches
comprehension skills
INDEPENDENT
READING
• Allows students to
practice strategies being learned
• Develops fluency
using familiar texts
• Encourages
successful problem-solving
INTERACTIVE
WRITING
• Teaches letter identification
and formation
• Provides an
opportunity to jointly plan and construct text
• Develops
letter-sound correspondence and spelling
• Teaches phonics
INDEPENDENT
WRITING
• Encourages writing
for different purposes and different audiences
• Fosters creativity
and an ability to compose
The CELL Preschool
Literacy Project helps teachers learn how to use the framework effectively in
their classrooms and how to integrate the individual elements into an overall
system of classroom instruction. Teaching methods included in the framework can
be used in any curriculum. Oral
language is the foundation for all of the elements of early literacy learning.
The dialogue, discussion, verbal interaction, and active oral engagement of
each student are stressed as each of the framework elements is used. Knowledge
of the structure of language is known to increase with communication that
occurs surrounding the literature that is read aloud and the themes that are
studied across the curriculum of the classroom. The practice of oral language
and the development of new vocabulary through discussion and reading from a
broad range of text types are reciprocal in nature. Skills development is also
emphasized across each of the framework elements. Emergent readers must have the
opportunity to develop phonemic awareness and to practice phonological
strategies and decoding skills. These skills are best acquired in the context
of meaningful activities and should be given extensive practice by reading
quality literature and engaging in authentic writing activities.
Teachers’ knowledge
base and their classroom practices are the focus of the professional
development provided by the Foundation. State preschool standards and
foundations are the specific focus of the training. The teachers receive initial training in the elements of the
framework and begin implementation of the framework immediately after the first
session. They receive feedback regarding their efforts at each subsequent
session. This format allows a school to begin partial implementation and
develop a resource for observation, demonstration, and support of the project
as well as ensure appropriate pacing of the professional development.
No specific classroom
materials are recommended or required, rather the training helps teachers use
whatever district selected instructional materials they have and organize their
teaching for maximum result. High quality teaching materials from a wide
variety of sources are used during the training. Professional books, including
three specifically designed to support the frameworks, and an extensive set of
professional readings are provided during training. Teachers participate in five full-days of planning
activities and framework training sessions scheduled at least one month apart
to allow time for teachers to try methods covered during the training days.
Faculty study groups
take the form of guided meetings and are developed to support teachers’
learning and are scheduled monthly throughout the initial training year. The
agenda for these meetings is created by the Foundation trainers and are
correlated with the training sessions.
These support the training and continue the professional development
through peer support and interaction.
Outline
of 5-day Training Sessions
Trainings are
specifically designed to focus on teaching methods and how they meet the
learning goals of the Prekindergarten Guidelines in English/Language, the
Preschool Learning Foundations in Language and Literacy, and the Preschool
Learning Foundations in English Language Development, all attached.
Workshop sessions
focus on the multiple uses of each teaching method:
Use
in supporting oral language and vocabulary development
Use
in supporting literacy acquisition
Supporting
English learners and children with special needs
Use
in whole group, small groups, and with individual children
In addition to
informal teacher assessments designed to inform instruction, the training
sequence also covers the Desired Results Developmental Profile-Revised and the
Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS), a summary of the focus items
in language and literacy are also attached.
Day 1
Overview of language
and literacy development in preschool aged children
Review of current
practices early childhood education
Review of state
standards and foundations for preschool
Planning for change
Assessment training
focused on language and literacy
Desired Results
Developmental Profile-Revised and the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale
(ECERS)
Informal
teacher assessments
Supporting oral
language and vocabulary development
Strategic use of
reading aloud and shared reading
Classroom
organization and management, creating the language and literacy rich
environment
Developing family
support for the classroom
Focus: Learning Foundations in Language and
Literacy
COMMUNICATION
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
VOCABULARY AND
BASIC LANGUAGE CONCEPTS
Focus: Learning Foundations in English
Language Development
LISTENING
SPEAKING
Day 2
Using all classroom
activities and routines to support language and literacy development
including
daily schedules and transition time
Developing vocabulary
using read aloud and shared reading
The reading process
Reciprocity of
reading and writing
Review of assessments
and how they can be used to inform instruction
Using interactive
writing and shared reading to support phonological awareness in both oral
language and print
Planning the
strategic use of reading aloud
Using centers to
support oral language, vocabulary, and print awareness
Developing family
support for the classroom
Focus: Learning Foundations in Language and
Literacy
WORD AND SENTENCE
STRUCTURES
PHONOLOGICAL
AWARENESS
Focus: Learning Foundations in English
Language Development
EARLY READING
Day 3
Gradual release of
responsibility in student learning
Small group and
individual child use of guided reading
Instruction that
prompts children to use their existing knowledge
Forming small groups
for similar instructional needs
Whole group and small
group use of shared reading and interactive writing
Developing family
support for the classroom
Focus: Learning Foundations in Language and
Literacy
ALPHABETICS AND
WORD/PRINT RECOGNITION
CONCEPTS ABOUT
PRINT
Day 4
Review of guided
reading and how to group by similar instructional need
Book selection and
leveling
Interactive writing
Using children’s
knowledge and experience to construct print
Letter formation
Developing family
support for the classroom
Focus: Learning Foundations in Language and
Literacy
COMPREHENSION AND
ANALYSIS OF AGE-APPROPRIATE TEXT
LITERACY INTEREST
AND RESPONSE
Day 5
Revisit interactive
writing using artifacts from children
Fostering independent
behaviors in both reading and writing
Developing and
reviewing centers that encourage independence and support small group
instruction opportunities
Roles of various
personnel in the classroom including volunteers
Developing family
support for the classroom
Focus: Learning Foundations in Language and
Literacy
WRITING STRATEGIES
Focus: Learning Foundations in English Language
Development
WRITING
Role of Each
Teacher during training:
• Begin to practice
the elements of the framework daily in your classroom.
• Learn the
theoretical constructs of literacy learning through professional reading.
• Make decisions on
how the implementation of literacy instruction can be supported and extended
throughout your school.
• Attend and actively
participate in all training days.
• Help to coordinate
guided meetings at the school site.
• Support colleagues
on the team as they attempt new learning.
• Reflect on your own
teaching.
Content
Standards
From the
California Prekindergarten Guidelines in English/Language
READING
Concepts About
Print
Read books right side
up and from front to back. Begin
to understand that text and illustrations convey distinct information.
Phonemic Awareness
Listen to and recite
familiar poems and chants; increase awareness and use of rhyming words and
alliteration. Participate in games
and lessons involving separation or repetition of words and word sounds. Listen to and sing along with alphabet
songs while following along in an illustrated book. Participate in activities
that teach alphabet letter names.
Clap in rhythms that mimic multisyllabic words and phrases.
Decoding and Word
Recognition
Match, sort and trace
letters; know initial of first name; recognize some other letters. Recognize own name (e.g., on cubby or
pocket chart), names of friends; read letters in alphabet books; begin to point
to highly familiar words in books.
Know that certain pictures (icons) go with certain labels (words); know
that different icons carry different meanings.
Vocabulary and
Concept Development
Have many
opportunities to converse with adults and peers about a variety of people,
objects, activities, events, and ideas in the environment; sort objects by
category. Identify common objects
in the environment. Regularly
learn new vocabulary through activities, conversation, and teacher-guided
instruction.
Comprehension and
Analysis of Grade Level Appropriate Text
Offer plausible
predictions about a story during the initial reading; predict the next events
in a story after several readings; plan and carry out a sequence of actions in
the classroom. Contribute relevant
personal experiences and prior knowledge during storybook reading; tell (oral)
stories about self and family; respond to teacher requests to relate personal
knowledge and experience to text.
Narrative Analysis
of Grade Level Appropriate Text
Have many
opportunities to hear interesting, culturally diverse stories read aloud;
attend to storybook reading or storybook tapes; respond orally during storybook
reading; draw pictures based on a story and talk about drawing; act out
stories; spontaneously discuss stories.
WRITING
Organization and
Focus
Draw pictures to
represent people, objects, events or concepts (e.g. winter); make controlled
and uncontrolled scribbles and name the scribbles or describe their meaning;
make mock letters, letter strings, letter groups; label pictures; write initial
or whole name.
LISTENING AND
SPEAKING
Comprehension
Have many and varied
opportunities in a supportive, stimulating environment to converse with adults
and peers about topics of personal interest and importance and about topics
beyond direct, current experience.
From the California
Preschool Learning Foundations in Language and Literacy for Ages 3 and 4
COMMUNICATION
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Children understand
and use language to communicate with others.
Respond on topic for
at least one turn in a conversation.
Use language for
several purposes in familiar social situations.
Children extend
their understanding and usage of language to communicate with others.
Respond on topic in
extended conversations.
Use language for a
variety of purposes across a range of social situations.
Children use
language for producing narratives.
Produce simple
narratives that are real or fictional.
Children extend the
use of language for producing narratives.
Produce extended
narratives that are real or fictional.
VOCABULARY AND
BASIC LANGUAGE CONCEPTS
Children comprehend
and produce a variety of words.
Demonstrate
understanding of words for most familiar objects, persons, and actions.
Use words for most
familiar objects, persons, and actions.
Children extend
their comprehension and production of a variety of words.
Demonstrate
understanding of words for some attributes and some abstract concepts.
Use words for a
variety of attributes and some abstract concepts.
Children comprehend
and produce basic language concepts.
Demonstrate
understanding of words that indicate position/location, amount, and size.
Use words that
indicate position/ location, amount, and size.
Children extend
their comprehension and production of basic language concepts.
Expand comprehension
of words that indicate position/location, amount, and size.
Expand use of words
that indicate position/ location, amount, and size.
Children comprehend
and produce words for categories.
Demonstrate
understanding of how words group into categories.
Children extend
their comprehension and production of words for categories.
Extend understanding
of how words group into categories.
WORD AND SENTENCE
STRUCTURES
Children begin to
understand word structures.
Begin to demonstrate
an understanding of past tense verbs.
Begin to demonstrate
an understanding of possessive nouns.
Begin to demonstrate
an understanding of plural nouns.
Begin to demonstrate
an understanding of pronouns.
Children expand
their understanding of word structures.
Demonstrate an
understanding of past tense verbs used in increasingly complex sentences.
Demonstrate an
understanding of possessive nouns used in increasingly complex sentences.
Demonstrate an
understanding of plural nouns used in increasingly complex sentences.
Demonstrate an
understanding of pronouns used in increasingly complex sentences.
Children use basic
word structures.
Begin to use verb
markers, including past tense and present ing, even if not always correctly.
Begin to use
possessives, even if not always correctly.
Begin to use plurals,
even if not always correctly.
Begin to use some
pronouns, even if not always correctly.
Children expand
their use of word structures.
Regularly use verb
markers in sentences, even if not always correctly.
Regularly use
possessives in sentences, even if not always correctly.
Regularly use plural
nouns in sentences, even if not always correctly.
Regularly use pronouns
in sentences, even if not always correctly.
Children comprehend
and produce sentences, including requests.
Comprehend simple
sentences in familiar contexts, including requests.
Use simple phrases and
sentences.
Children extend
their comprehension and production of sentences, including requests.
Comprehend
increasingly varied and grammatically more complex sentences, including
requests, in familiar contexts.
Use increasingly
varied and grammatically more complex sentences.
PHONOLOGICAL
AWARENESS
Children orally
manipulate words and syllables without the support of pictures, objects, etc.
Orally put together
compound words that are familiar to the child (without the support of pictures,
objects, etc.).
Orally put together
the two syllables of two-syllable words that are familiar to the child (without
the support of pictures, objects, etc.).
Orally take apart
compound words into syllables that are familiar to the child (without the
support of pictures, objects, etc.).
Begin to delete an
onset from a spoken word with support, for example, picking from a series of
pictures.
Begin to orally blend
individual phonemes to make a simple word with support, for example, picking
from a series of pictures.
ALPHABETICS AND
WORD/PRINT RECOGNITION
Children begin to
recognize letters of the alphabet.
Recognize first letter
of own name.
Match letter names to
their shapes.
Identify the first
letter of own name.
Children extend
their recognition of letters of the alphabet.
Recognize own name or
other common words in print.
Match more than half
of upper- and lower- case letter names to their shapes.
Recognize beginning
letters in words in books and environment.
Begin to recognize
that letters have sounds.
CONCEPTS ABOUT
PRINT
Children begin to
understand that print carries meaning.
Hold a book upright,
turning pages from front to back.
Recognize print as
distinct from other kinds of images.
Demonstrate emerging
knowledge that symbols and print carry meaning.
Children extend
their understanding that print carries meaning.
Understand that print
in English is organized top to bottom and left to right.
Understand that print
is read.
Demonstrate knowledge
of the various purposes of print.
Begin to recognize
that print represents spoken language.
Understand that a
given word in print represents the same spoken word every time it is seen.
COMPREHENSION AND
ANALYSIS OF AGE-APPROPRIATE TEXT
Children
demonstrate comprehension of age-appropriate text.
Demonstrate knowledge
of main characters or events in a familiar story through retelling, reenacting,
or doing art.
Demonstrate knowledge
of information from non-fiction text through labeling, describing, dramatic
play, or art.
Engage in
conversations about fiction and non-fiction that may include asking and
answering basic questions (i.e., who, what, where).
Children
demonstrate increasing comprehension of age appropriate text.
Demonstrate knowledge
of details in a familiar story including ordering of events through retelling,
reenacting, or doing art.
Use information from
non-fiction text in a variety of ways, including organizing, matching,
relating, categorizing, or by comparing and contrasting.
Engage in detailed
conversations about fiction and non-fiction that may include asking and
answering how, why, and what next questions.
LITERACY INTEREST
AND RESPONSE
Children
demonstrate interest in literacy activities.
Demonstrate interest
in books and print materials with adult guidance.
Children
demonstrate a broad interest in literacy activities.
Demonstrate interest
in a range of literacy activities with increasing independence.
Engages in drawing and
pretend writing independently.
Children
demonstrate interest in literacy activities.
Engage in routines
associated with literacy activities.
Children
demonstrate a broad interest in literacy activities.
Assume roles and
engages in routines associated with reading.
WRITING STRATEGIES